Hello!
The microscope that is the most powerful and can map the atoms on the surface of an object is a scanning tunnelling microscope.
The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) is an instrument used to take images of surfaces at the atomic level. The individual atoms in materials can be visualized and manipulated. The STM is based on the tunnelling effect. When a conducting tip is brought very near to the surface to be examined, a voltage difference can allow electrons to tunnel across the vacuum between them. The image is obtained by monitoring the current as the tip scans across the material.
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