We have to calculate the height of a cylinder : h2 = ( 45 - 2 · 15 )/ 2 = 15 / 2 = 7.5 mm
Volume of the bottom of the hourglass:V = 1/3 r² π h1 + r² π h2 = = 1/3 · 6² · 3.14 · 15 + 6² · 3.14 · 7.5 = = 1/3 · 36 · 3.14 · 15 + 36 · 3.14 · 7.5 = = 565.2 + 847.8 = 1,413 mm³The rate is 10 π mm³/ sec = 31.4 mm³/secTime = 1,413 : 31.4 = 45 sec.Answer: It will take 45 seconds.