It
was negotiated at the presidential retreat of Camp David by Egypt's
Anwar Sadat and Israel Menachem Begin; they were brokered by U.S.
President Jimmy Carter. They led to a peace treaty the next year that
returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt, guaranteed Israeli access to the
Red Sea and Suez Canal, and more-or-less normalized diplomatic and
economic relations between the two countries. This isolated Egypt from
the other Arab countries and led to Sadat's assassination in 1981.
Shi'ite
philosopher and cleric who led the overthrow of the Shah Mohammad Reza
Pahlavi of Iran in 1979 and created an Islamic republic. Following the
revolution and a national referendum, Khomeini became the country's
Supreme Leader—a position created in the constitution as the highest
ranking political and religious authority of the nation—until his death.
