Vincent van Gogh's painting The Cafe Terrace on the Place du Forum, Arles, at Night. Using your knowledge of elements of composition and form, discuss at least three ways in which Van Gogh creates the illusion of depth in this painting.

To give the impression of depth, Van Gogh uses size. The café's terrace and its chairs are substantial and in the foreground, compared to the scale of the skyscrapers in the backdrop. As a result, the café and its chairs appear to be closer to the observer.
To give the impression of depth, Van Gogh also uses perspective. Two rows of café chairs provide a feeling of perspective that draws the viewer's attention back to the picture. Additionally emphasizing the feeling of depth are the buildings in the backdrop, which are organized in a diagonal line.
To give the impression of depth, Van Gogh also uses contrast. To create a sense of contrast between the bright brightness of the café and the dark night beyond the buildings, he used a limited palette of light and dark hues. This contrast strengthens the painting's illusion of depth even further.