All of the following contribute to wage discrimination except in-kind transfers.
What is wage discrimination?
Wage discrimination occurs when an employee is paid less because of their gender, colour, age, or religion.
It is illegal to pay an employee less because of a protected feature. Paying women less than males for the same labour, for example, is considered wage discrimination.
Men, on the other hand, can be victims of wage discrimination if they are paid less because of their race, age, disability status, or another protected class.
Hence, the correct answer (d) is in-kind transfer.
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