Established most nearly means is validated.
Given a passage which is shown in the attached images.
In the last paragraph, the author states that “the professor presented the Higgs field with such certainty that for a protracted while I had no idea it had yet to be established experimentally.” during this context, for a theory to be established most nearly implies that it's validated, or proven.
Options B, C, and D are incorrect because within the context of the last paragraph describing a theory as being “established experimentally,” the word “established” means validated, or proven, not founded (Option B), introduced (Option C), or enacted (Option D).
Hence, in line 77 from the given passage, "established" most nearly means validated.
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