Parasites and disease agents change their chemical identity by formation of different glycolipids and glycoproteins internally and then moving them into the plasma membrane.
Plasma membrane or cell membrane surrounds the cells, in order to separate its constituents from the environment. It is semi-permeable in nature thus allowing only specific things to pass through them.
Plasma membrane is bilipid layer with different types of molecules embedded in it. It also contains carbohydrates. Now, these carbohydrates bind with proteins or lipids and are termed glycolipids and glycoproteins. These components on surface of parasites and disease agents are responsible for cell-cell recognition. They act as cell adhesives by binding the microbes with other cells.
As they modify themselves, the requirement of binding target also changes, thus arising need of new immune cells. Subsequently, they escape immune attack.
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