Respuesta :
When palpating the head of a 12-month-old infant, it would be normal to feel the anterior fontanelle. Diagnosing an abnormal fontanelle requires understanding the wide variety of normal people. At birth, an infant has six fontanelles. The anterior fontanelle is the largest and most important for clinical evaluation and has a mean size of 2.1 cm, and a mean time to closure of 13.8 months.
The most common reasons for a large anterior fontanelle or delayed fontanel closure are achondroplasia, hypothyroidism, Down syndrome, increased intracranial pressure, and rickets. A bulging anterior fontanel can be a result of grown intracranial pressure or intracranial and extracranial tumors, and a sunken fontanel usually is a symbol of dehydration. A physical examination helps the physician decide which imaging modality, like plain films, ultrasonography, computed tomographic scan, or magnetic resonance imaging, to use for diagnosis.
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