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Any acid chloride residue on the product is cleaned off using a NaOH solution. The acyl chloride is converted by the NaOH into a salt that is extracted from the aqueous layer. To make sure that all of the acid is eliminated, the procedure is carried out twice.

How is N,N-diethyltoluamide Prepared?

Amides are typically made by reacting a derivative of a carboxylic acid with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine. Although acyl chlorides are the most practical for creating the most diverse range of amides, acid anhydrides or esters are occasionally utilized as the acid derivative. A good deal of the time, the rate of the reactions must be regulated by chilling or using a suitable solvent because of how quickly and exothermically the acyl chlorides react. It is important to employ at least a 100% excess of the nitrogen compound in the reaction, which creates HCl, which then reacts with one equivalent of amine (or ammonia) to create the amine salt.

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