Purines are salvaged by the addition of activated phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate to form nucleotide monophosphates.
A single nucleotide alteration at a specific place is what is referred to as an SNV. Nonsynonymous variations can alter a single amino acid (missense); change the reading, changing the downstream protein structure (frameshift); add a stop codon (premature termination codon), truncating the protein prematurely (nonsense); or eliminate the specific site at which the intron is spliced when precursor mRNA is converted into mature mRNA (splice site).
By a defense process known as nonsense mediated decay, the majority of mRNAs containing nonsense variants are rendered inactive and eliminated from cells.
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