An abnormal lymph node demonstrates a round contour.
Lymph nodes with a diameter of more than 1 cm are typically regarded as abnormal. The causes of abnormal results can range from malignancy to extremely minor illnesses. An ordinary lymph node has an oval form, is hypoechoic to the nearby muscle, and frequently has an echogenic fatty hilum. The nodal vessels are contained within the hilum, which is a linear, echogenic, non-shadowing structure that appears continuous with the fat around the node. Malignant infiltration causes benign nodes to become more rounded and more likely to be ovoid. The likelihood of a lymph node being cancerous increases if the ratio of the long axis to short axis diameter is less than 2.
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