Complete dominance is the mendelian inheritance pattern, while co-dominance and incomplete dominance are non-mendelian inheritance patterns. Trait 1: Hair length. Trait 2: Hair color. Trait 3: Hair type.
What is complete dominance?
When the dominant allele completely masks the recessive allele, we talk about complete dominance.
This is the case of individuals that are heterozygous for a particular gene and express the dominant trait.
The dominant allele is hiding the expression of the recessive allele.
What is co-dominance?
Codominance refers to a non-mendelian inheritance pattern in which two alleles of the same gane are equally expressed.
There is no dominant or recessive alleles, since non of them hides the expression of the other one in heterozygous individuals.
The phenotype of a heterozygote expresses two alternative variants inherited from each homozygous parent.
Heterozygous individuals express both parental phenotypes, as it is an additive expression of their parents' genes.
What is incomplete dominance?
Refers to a non-mendelian inheritance pattern in which the heterozygous individual expresses an intermediate phenotype between the dominant and the recessive phenotypes.
Neither of the involved alleles completely dominates over the other one.
We will propose an example of mammal hair,
Trait 1) Simple dominant/recessive inheritance
- Length is coded by a diallelic gene expressing complete dominance
- L is the dominant allele and codes for long hair
- l is the recessive allele and codes for short hair
Trait 2) Co-dominance
- Color is coded by a triallelic gene I expressing co-dominance
- IB codes for black. Dominant to i and codominant to IW
- IW codes for white. Dominant to i and codominant to IB
- i codes for albino. Recessive allele
Trait 3) Incomplete dominance
- Type of hair is coded by a diallelic gene expressing incomplete dominance
- S codes for curly hair and is dominant
- s codes for straight hair and is recessive
Trait 1 Trait2 Trait3 Trait 4
Length LL-Long Ll-Long ll-Short ***
Color IBIB/IBi-Black IBIW-Black/White IWIW/IWi-White ii-albino
Type SS-Curly Ss -Wavy ss-straight ***
Genotypes Phenotypes
LLBBSS, LlBBSS Long, Black, Curly hair
LLBWSS, LlBWSS Long, Black and white, Curly hair
LLWWSS, LlWWSS Long, White, Curly hair
LLBBSs, LlBBSs Long, Black, Wavy hair
LLBWSs, LlBWSs Long, Black and white, Wavy hair
LLWWSs, LlWWSs Long, White, Wavy hair
LLBBss, LlBBss Long, Black, Straight hair
LLBWss, LlBWss Long, Black and white, Straight hair
LLWWss, LlWWss Long, White, Straight hair
llBBSS Short , Black, Curly hair
llBWSS Short, Black and white, Curly hair
llWWSS Short, White, Curly hair
llBBSs Short, Black, Wavy hair
llBWSs Short, Black and white, Wavy hair
llWWSs Short, White, Wavy hair
llBBss Short, Black, Straight hair
llBWss Short, Black and white, Straight hair
llWWss Short, White, Straight hair
You will learn more about mendelian and non-mendelian inheritance patterns at
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