There is proof that dams and commercial irrigation schemes can increase soil and water degradation, vulnerability to drought, and food insecurity in riverine and lacustrine areas downstream of dams.
It seems that dams in Ethiopia are also vulnerable to high soil erosion rates and earthquakes.
The Abay, Baro-Akobo, Mereb, and Setit-Tekeze/Atbara Basins exist as part of the transboundary Nile Basin, which contains most of Ethiopia's renewable cover water.
Some of the primary constraints of watershed management in Ethiopia exist lack of awareness among policymakers, policy, and strategy-related requirements, socio-economic and biophysical constraints, capacity constraints, economic and incentive constraints, and absence of social awareness.
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Answer: Challenges :-
1. Undulating terrain.
2. Shortage of technology
3. Land slides
4. Diseases
Opportunities:-
1. Policy support of the principles of IWRM
2. Local community cultural integration
3. Tourism development potential of the basin
4. Commitment of government on watershed management
5. Development of international collaboration and support for IWRM
Explanation: The challenges of water resource uses of Ethiopia are:-
1. The undulating terrain of the basin hinders effective implementation of IWRM.
2. It is impossible to cultivate the region due to shortage of technology so far.
3. Recurrent land sliding due to undulating topography leads to land degradation.
4. The prevalence of malaria disease due to flooding is a major
health challenge for the nearby community in the
area
The opportunities of water resource uses of Ethiopia are:-
1. Cultural integration
The integration of the society of upstream and downstream, through long time cultural development like in marriage, has great contribution for the effective implementation of IWRM.
2. Water resource policy support of IWRM
Considering water as a social and economic good, the principle of cost recovery, acceptance of the basin as a unit of planning, decentralized management, equitable and reasonable water allocation, capacity building, and research and development are the most important concepts.
3. Development of international collaboration and support for IWRM
This basin encompasses several well-experienced universities including Arbaminch, Jimma, Wolyita-Sodo, Bonga and Jinka. The research collaboration among these universities in the basin is good opportunity.
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