Respuesta :
Answer:
Factors that contribute to health disparities:
- Genetics
- The amount of access to care (and if it's poor quality or not)
- Environment (Community Features) - Can include poverty or violence
- Language barriers
- Health behaviors
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The uneven effects of the coronavirus pandemic, continued police brutality, and the recent surge in Asian hate crimes have brought health and health care inequities to the forefront of public and media attention. However, differences in health and health care are not new. They've been recorded for decades, and they represent long-standing structural and systemic imbalances rooted in racism and prejudice. Addressing these imbalances may help to attenuate the uneven effects of the coronavirus pandemic and prevent future health disparities from growing.
What are health and health care disparities?
Health and health care inequalities are discrepancies in health and health care that result from larger injustices. Health inequalities are defined in a variety of ways. Health disparities are defined as "a specific type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage," and they "adversely affect groups of people who have systematically experienced greater obstacles to health based on their racial or ethnic group; religion; socioeconomic status; gender; age; mental health; cognitive, sensory, or physical disability; sexual orientation or gender identity; geographic location." The Centers for Illness Control and Prevention (CDC) defines health disparities as "preventable variations in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or chances for optimum health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged communities." A health care disparity primarily refers to inequalities in health insurance coverage, access to and use of care, and quality of care between populations. Disparities are sometimes referred to as "health inequality" and "inequity." Racism, defined by the CDC as "structures, policies, practices, and norms that assign value and determine opportunities based on how people look or the color of their skin," results in conditions that unfairly advantage some and disadvantage others, putting people of color at a higher risk for poor health outcomes.
Health equity generally refers to individuals achieving their highest level of health through the elimination of disparities in health and health care. Health equity is defined as achieving the best possible health for all individuals, and it necessitates respecting everyone equally, as well as deliberate and continuing social efforts to remove preventable inequities, historical and present injustices, and health and health care disparities. The CDC defines health equality as "everyone having the chance to fulfill his or her full health potential" and no one being "disadvantaged from realizing this potential due to social status or other socially driven situations."
A broad array of factors within and the health care system drive disparities in health and health care. Though health care is important, research reveals that health outcomes are influenced by a variety of factors, including underlying genetics, health habits, social and environmental factors, and access to health care. While there is currently no agreement in the research on the magnitude of each of these factors' relative contributions to health, studies suggest that health behaviors and social and economic factors, commonly referred to as, are the primary drivers of health outcomes and that social and economic factors shape individuals' health behaviors. Furthermore, it has a detrimental impact on both mental and physical health, both directly and indirectly through producing disparities across the social determinants of health.
Learn more about health disparities:
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