Salinger uses dialogue to bring the reader outside Holden’s head and give an alternate perspective on the action. Hence, his composition give insight to his character by reader's self assessment
For example, when Holden visits Mr. Spencer, his teacher reads out loud an essay Holden wrote. The reader can make up her own mind about what kind of student Holden is, rather than taking his word for it.
In the same vein, the dialogue of other characters suggests alternate interpretations of events, such as when Sally tells him to “stop screaming,” even though he claims he “wasn’t even screaming,” or when Phoebe points out that he has misunderstood the Robert Burns poem “Comin’ Thro the Rye.”
Therefore, Holden's composition give insight into his character through reader's self assessment or discovery.
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