Both Italy and Germany were united as a result of various wars that were won by the militaries of their most prominent states.
Italy
Italy was unified as a result of the efforts of the ambitious Giuseppi Garibaldi and the state of Piedmont-Sardinia which:
- established an alliance with France and went to war against Austria
- defeated Austria which influenced the Northern Italian States to vote to join Piedmont.
- sent an army into Southern Italy and forcibly added the South - including Sicily - to the North
- invaded Rome after the French left it
All these military actions led to the Kingdom of Italy being united and coming into being.
Germany
Germany was united under the skillful diplomacy of Otto von Bismarck who knew when and how to use the powerful Prussian military to:
- crush Austria and Denmark in battle which led to the Northern German States establishing a confederacy with Prussia
- crush France which led to the rest of the German states coming together to form the German Empire under the Prussian King, William 1.
And so Germany came into being thanks to the efforts of the military once again.
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