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How do carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen molecules of sugars combine with other elements to make the structures of nucleic acids?
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josiahmoore2007
The sugar molecules thus formed contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen: Their hydrocarbon backbones are used to make amino acids and other carbon-based molecules that can be assembled into larger molecules (such as proteins or DNA), used for example to form new cells.
luisvaschetto

Nucleic acids consist of long chains of nucleotides. In DNA, nucleotides contain deoxyribose, whereas RNA consists of ribose nucleotides.

  • Nucleic acids (either DNA or RNA) are long chains of nucleotides consecutively linked by phosphodiester bonds.

  • A nucleotide is a molecule composed of a pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and one phosphate group.

  • In DNA, there are four types of nucleotides, each one containing one different nitrogenous base (i.e., Adenine, Guanine, Thymine and Cytosine). In RNA, Thymine bases are replaced by Uracil bases.

  • The pentose sugar contains five carbon atoms linked to hydrogen atoms.

  • In DNA, the pentose sugar is deoxyribose, whereas in RNA is ribose. In deoxyribose (DNA), an atom of carbon is devoid of oxygen in the 2' position.

  • Nucleotides are linked by covalent bonds between a phosphate group of a nucleotide and the third atom of carbon of the pentose sugar in the consecutive nucleotide.

In conclusion, nucleic acids consist of long chains of nucleotides. In DNA, nucleotides contain deoxyribose, whereas RNA consists of ribose nucleotides.

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