a.The neutrons shield protons from the attraction of the electrons from the first energy level.
b.Valence electrons are shared equally between atoms.
c.The repulsion of electrons in the same energy level.
d.The inner-core electrons shield outer-core electrons from the attraction to the atom’s nucleus.
the sheilding effect sometimes referred to as atomic shielding or electron sheilding describes the attraction between an electron and nucleus in any atom with more than one electron(that's all i can explain..).