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Figurative language, or figures of speech, are rhetorical devices used by writers and speakers to give words meaning beyond their usual, literal definition. There are many different kinds of figures of speech, including simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, metonymy, and synecdoche.
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Simile - a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid
metaphor - a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.
hyperbole - exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.
personification - the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form.
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