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During the Great Depression, people were barely scraping by. They barely had enough to feed themselves, let alone a wife and children. Marriage and birth rates would have dropped.
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During the Great Depression, Marriage rates increased, but birth rates declined .
What happened to marriage and birth rates during the Great Depression?
- In the United States and other developed countries, fertility tends to drop during periods of economic decline.
- U.S. fertility rates fell to low levels during the Great Depression (1930s), around the time of the 1970s “oil shock,” and since the onset of the recent recession in 2007 (see Figure 1).
- The U.S. total fertility rate (TFR) stood at 2.0 births per woman in 2009, but preliminary data from the National Center for Health Statistics show that the TFR dropped to 1.9 in 2010—well below the replacement level of 2.1.1
(Figure 1 )
- The U.S. Fertility Rate Has Fallen During Periods of Economic Decline.
- * Estimated by PRB.
- Source: National Center for Health Statistics
Longer-term trends in fertility are determined by broader societal factors, including trends in marriage; economic development; cultural norms; and women’s education, employment, and access to contraception.
Although fertility rates bottomed out during the Great Depression, the birth rate had been declining throughout the 1920s—a period of rapid economic growth—as more couples used birth control to limit family size.
What was the impact of the Great Depression on marriage?
While the Great Depression did lower marriage rates, the effect was not long-lasting:
- Marriages were delayed, not denied.
The primary long-run effect of the downturn on marriage was stability:
- Marriages formed in tough economic times were more likely to survive compared to matches made in more prosperous time periods.
What was the birth rate during the Great Depression?
- The U.S. birth rate reached an all-time low in 1936 when the TFR fell to 2.1 children per woman in the wake of the stock market crash of 1929. The next low occurred in 1976 when the TFR fell to another record low of 1.7.
- The Figure 2 shown the birth rate during Great Depression .
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