During the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s, influential civilian leaders brought discussions on equality and discrimination to the national forefront. Malcolm X, born Malcolm Little, was one of the most famous and influential civilian leaders during this time.
Growing up, Malcolm dealt with numerous hardships, including the murder of his father—who was a passionate black nationalist and a Baptist minister—as well as the mental breakdown of his mother. After these events, Malcolm and his siblings spent time in foster homes and orphanages. Despite being a gifted student, he dropped out of school. Later, after engaging in criminal activity, Malcolm spent seven years in prison.
Despite these events, Malcolm X found his voice and forged his role as one of the most important public speakers and leaders in U.S. history. Malcolm X is perhaps known best for his eloquent, passionate public discourse. "Early in life, I had learned that if you want something, you had better make some noise," he said. Malcolm X became known for his fiery, combative statements that engaged his audience. Throughout his speeches, Malcolm X challenged the will and beliefs of his listeners. "A man who stands for nothing will fall for anything," he once stated.
Ultimately, whether a person agrees with Malcolm X's views or not, anyone can appreciate his passion and intellect. "There is no better than adversity. Every defeat, every heartbreak, every loss, contains its own seed, its own lesson on how to improve your performance the next time," he instructed his audience.

1
Select all the correct answers.
Why does the author choose to include quotes in this passage?
to explain how Malcolm X overcame his difficult childhood
to show how Malcolm X convinced people to agree with his beliefs
to illustrate how Malcolm X's speeches influenced his audience
to suggest that Malcolm X initiated the civil rights movement
to demonstrate that Malcolm X was a thoughtful and passionate speaker